Перевод и анализ слов искусственным интеллектом ChatGPT
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- этимология
Что (кто) такое quartz - определение
![Granite rock in the cliff of Gros la Tête on [[Aride Island]], [[Seychelles]]. The thin (1–3 cm wide) brighter layers are quartz veins, formed during the late stages of crystallization of granitic magmas. They are sometimes called "hydrothermal veins".](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/ArideGranite1.jpg?width=200 "Granite rock in the cliff of Gros la Tête on [[Aride Island]], [[Seychelles]]. The thin (1–3 cm wide) brighter layers are quartz veins, formed during the late stages of crystallization of granitic magmas. They are sometimes called \"hydrothermal veins\".")
![hydrothermal method]], about 19 cm long and weighing about 127 grams](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Quartz synthese.jpg?width=200 "hydrothermal method]], about 19 cm long and weighing about 127 grams")
![transparency]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Transparency.jpg?width=200 "transparency]]")
![Synthetic quartz crystals produced in the autoclave shown in [[Western Electric]]'s pilot hydrothermal quartz plant in 1959](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Prototype synthetic quartz autoclave 1959.jpg?width=200 "Synthetic quartz crystals produced in the autoclave shown in [[Western Electric]]'s pilot hydrothermal quartz plant in 1959")
![Fatimid]] ewer in carved rock crystal (clear quartz) with gold lid, c. 1000.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ewer birds Louvre MR333.jpg?width=200 "Fatimid]] ewer in carved rock crystal (clear quartz) with gold lid, c. 1000.")
Википедия
Quartz is a hard, crystalline mineral composed of silica (silicon dioxide). The atoms are linked in a continuous framework of SiO4 silicon–oxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving an overall chemical formula of SiO2. Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust, behind feldspar.
Quartz exists in two forms, the normal α-quartz and the high-temperature β-quartz, both of which are chiral. The transformation from α-quartz to β-quartz takes place abruptly at 573 °C (846 K; 1,063 °F). Since the transformation is accompanied by a significant change in volume, it can easily induce microfracturing of ceramics or rocks passing through this temperature threshold.
There are many different varieties of quartz, several of which are classified as gemstones. Since antiquity, varieties of quartz have been the most commonly used minerals in the making of jewelry and hardstone carvings, especially in Eurasia.
Quartz is the mineral defining the value of 7 on the Mohs scale of hardness, a qualitative scratch method for determining the hardness of a material to abrasion.
